Identify the binary mixture(s) that can be separated into individual compounds, by differential extraction, as shown in the given scheme.
Ph–COOH + NaOH Ph–COONa + H2O ; Ph–CH2OH + NaOH No reaction
Can be separated
Ph–COOH + NaHCO3 Ph–COONa + H2O + CO2 ; Ph–CH2OH + NaHCO3 No reaction
Can be separated
Ph–CH2OH + NaOH No reaction ; Ph–CH2–COOH + NaOH Ph–CH2–COONa + H2O
Can be separated
Ph–CH2OH + NaHCO3 No reaction ;
Ph – CH2COOH + NaHCO3 Ph–CH2COONa + H2O + CO2
Can be separated
Differential extraction is a technique used to separate organic compounds based on their solubility differences in aqueous and organic solvents, particularly by exploiting their acid-base properties. The given scheme involves treating the mixture with sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) solution, which reacts with acids to form water-soluble sodium salts, allowing them to be extracted into the aqueous layer. Compounds that do not react with NaHCO3 remain in the organic layer.
Key points:
Analyzing the options:
Thus, the mixtures that can be separated are: Option 1, Option 2, and Option 4.
Acid-Base Extraction: This relies on the difference in acidity of compounds. Stronger acids (like carboxylic acids) react with weak bases (e.g., NaHCO3), while weaker acids (like phenols) require stronger bases (e.g., NaOH) for salt formation.
pKa Values: Lower pKa means stronger acid. Carboxylic acids (pKa ~ 4-5) react with NaHCO3, phenols (pKa ~ 10) do not.
Solubility Rule: Organic acids become water-soluble when converted to their ionic salts (e.g., RCOO-Na+).
Amongst the following, the total number of compounds soluble in aqueous NaOH is
Identify the binary mixture(s) that can be separated into individual compounds, by differential extraction, as shown in the given scheme.