This question involves matching specific chemical tests (Item-I) with the amino acids (Item-II) that give positive results for those tests. Let's analyze each test and the amino acids step by step.

Step 1: Understanding the Tests

(A) Ester Test: This test is used to detect the presence of carboxylic acid (-COOH) groups. When an amino acid with a free -COOH group is treated with alcohol and an acid catalyst, it forms an ester, often characterized by a fruity smell. Amino acids like Aspartic acid (Asp) have an additional carboxylic acid group in their side chain, making them give a positive test.

(B) Carbylamine Test: This test is specific for primary amines (-NH₂ group). When a primary amine is heated with chloroform and alcoholic KOH, it produces an isocyanide with a very unpleasant odor. Amino acids with a free primary amino group in the side chain, such as Lysine (Lys), which has an extra -NH₂ group, will give a positive result.

(C) Phthalein Dye Test: This test is used for phenols. When a phenol is fused with phthalic anhydride in the presence of concentrated H₂SO₄, it forms a phthalein dye which gives a characteristic color in alkaline medium. Amino acids with a phenolic hydroxyl group, like Tyrosine (Tyr), will respond positively to this test.

Step 2: Analyzing the Amino Acids

The amino acids given are:

• (P) Tyr (Tyrosine): Has a phenolic -OH group in its side chain.
• (Q) Asp (Aspartic acid): Has an additional carboxylic acid (-COOH) group in its side chain.
• (R) Ser (Serine): Has an alcoholic -OH group; it does not have a phenolic group or extra -COOH or -NH₂.
• (S) Lys (Lysine): Has an additional primary amine (-NH₂) group in its side chain.

Step 3: Matching the Tests with Amino Acids

• Ester Test (A) is positive for amino acids with extra -COOH group → Asp (Q).
• Carbylamine Test (B) is positive for amino acids with extra primary -NH₂ group → Lys (S).
• Phthalein Dye Test (C) is positive for amino acids with phenolic -OH group → Tyr (P).

Thus, the correct matching is: (A) → (Q), (B) → (S), (C) → (P).

Final Answer

The correct option is: (A)→(Q); (B)→(S); (C)→(P)

Related Topics & Formulae

Related Topics: Amino acids, functional group tests in organic chemistry, biochemical identification methods.

Key Theory:

• Amino acids are bifunctional compounds containing both amino (-NH₂) and carboxylic acid (-COOH) groups. Their side chains dictate specific chemical reactivities.
• Tests like ester test, carbylamine test, and phthalein test are classical qualitative tests used to identify specific functional groups in organic compounds, including amino acids.